Operators

Operators:-operators are used to perform some logical or mathematical operations.

Types of Operators:-

1.     Arithmetic Operator

(a)  Binary Arithmetic

(b) Unary Arithmetic

2.     Relational Operator

3.     Logical operator

4.     Bitwise operator

5.     Ternary or conditional operator

6.     instanceof  operator

7.     comma operator

8.     assignment operator

9.     dot operator

Binary Arithmetic:-Binary arithmetic operator operates on two operands. Operators are +,-,*, /, %.example like 5+2, 5-2, 5*2, 5/2, 5%2.

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

int a=10,b=5;

System.out.println("Addition:"+(a+b));

System.out.println("Subtraction:"+(a-b));

System.out.println("Multiplication:"+(a*b));

System.out.println("Division:"+(a/b));

System.out.println("Remainder:"+(a%b));

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

Addition:15

Subtraction:5

Multiplication:50

Division:2

Remainder:0

Example2:- TestOperator.java

import java.util.*;

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("enter two number");

int a=s.nextInt();

int b=s.nextInt();

System.out.println("Addition:"+(a+b));

System.out.println("Subtraction:"+(a-b));

System.out.println("Multiplication:"+(a*b));

System.out.println("Division:"+(a/b));

System.out.println("Remainder:"+(a%b));

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

enter two number

551

12

Addition:563

Subtraction:539

Multiplication:6612

Division:45

Remainder:11

Unary operator:-unary operator operates on single operand or single variable.

Operators are: ++,--

++ Operator also known as increment (increment by one) operator and – called decrement (decrement by one) operator.

We can write unary operator before operand and after operand.

Like ++a     and    a++.

++a is a pre increment that means first increment in variable a then use variable a and a++ is a post increment operator that means first use variable a then increment into variable a.

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

int i=1;

System.out.println(i++);

System.out.println(++i);

System.out.println(i++);

System.out.println(++i);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

1

3

3

5

Example2:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

int i=1,j;

j=i++;

System.out.println("i     J");

System.out.println(i+"     "+j);

i=1;

j=++i;

System.out.println(i+"     "+j);

i=1;

i=(++i)+(i++)+(++i)+(++i);

System.out.println(i);

i=1;

j=(++i)+(i++)+(++i)+(++i);

System.out.println(i+"     "+j);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

i     J

2     1

2     2

13

5     13

Relational Operator:-relational operators are used for some comparison type of operations. Relational operator returns boolean type of value, it returns true if the given expression is true otherwise returns false.

Operator	Meaning	example	result
<	Less than	5<6	true
>	Greater than	5>6	false
<=	Less than or equal to	5<=6	true
>=	Greater than or equal to	5>=6	false
==	Equal to equal to	5==6	false
!=	Not equal to	5!=6	true

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

System.out.println(5<6);

System.out.println(5>6);

System.out.println(5<=6);

System.out.println(5>=6);

System.out.println(5==6);

System.out.println(5!=6);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

true

false

true

false

false

true

Example2:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

System.out.println(5<'A');

System.out.println(5>13.90);

System.out.println(5<true);

System.out.println(true>false);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

TestOperator.java:7: error: bad operand types for binary operator '<'

System.out.println(5<true);

                    ^

  first type:  int

  second type: boolean

TestOperator.java:8: error: bad operand types for binary operator '>'

System.out.println(true>false);

                       ^

  first type:  boolean

  second type: boolean

2 errors

Logical operator:-logical operator operates on relational operator and returns true or false just like relational operator.

Operators are:-

Logical AND (&&)

Logical OR (||)

Logical NOT (!)

Example:-  

((a<b)&&(b>c))         ((a<b)||(b>c))           !(a<b)

Condition 1	Condition 2	Condition 1&& Condition 2
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	F
F	F	F

                      

Condition 1	Condition 2	Condition 1|| Condition 2
T	T	T
T	F	T
F	T	T
F	F	F

                      

Condition	!Condition
T	F
F	T

                      

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

System.out.println(((5<6)&&(50>40)));

System.out.println(((5>6)||(50>40)));

System.out.println(!(5<6));

}}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

true

true

false

Bitwise operator:-bitwise operator operates on bits.

Types of bitwise operator:-

1.      Bitwise AND (&) 

2.     Bitwise OR(|)

3.     Bitwise XOR(^)

4.     Bitwise negation(~)

5.     Bitwise left shift(<<)

6.     Bitwise right shift(>>)

7.     Bitwise right shift with zero fill(>>>)

Bitwise OR (|):-bitwise operator operates on binary bits, in case of bitwise OR operator result will be 0 if both bits are 0 otherwise result will be 1.

Example: - suppose a=18 and b=25 then a|b will be as below

Decimal	Binary
18	1 0 0 1 0
25	1 1 0 0 1
27(a|b)	1 1 0 1 1

Bitwise XOR (^):-bitwise operator operates on binary bits, in case of bitwise XOR operator result will be 0 if both bits are same otherwise result will be 1.

Example: - suppose a=18 and b=25 then a^b will be as below

Decimal	Binary
18	1 0 0 1 0
25	1 1 0 0 1
11(a^b)	0 1 0 1 1

Bitwise Negation:-bitwise negation provide 1’s complement of given number that means convert 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.for finding the result we have to get 2’s complement of that number.

Bitwise left shift (<<):-it is used to shift bits in right to left direction, new bits will inserted from right side and bits will shift to left direction.

Like    a<<2 that means binary value of variable a will shift 2 bit left. If a is positive then inserted bit will be 0 if a is negative then inserted bit will be 1.

Suppose   byte a=18   so binary value of a will be

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0  <---00

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0  (72 in decimal)

Bitwise right shift (>>):-it is used to shift bits in left to right  direction, new bits will inserted from left side and bits will shift to right direction.

Like    a>>2 that means binary value of variable a will shift 2 bit right. If a is positive then inserted bit will be 0 if a is negative then inserted bit will be 1.

Suppose   byte a=18   so binary value of a will be

00---à0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0  (4 in decimal)

Bitwise right shift with zero fill (>>>):-it is used to shift bits in left to right  direction, new bits will inserted from left side and bits will shift to right direction.

Like    a>>>2 that means binary value of variable a will shift 2 bit right. Inserted bit will be always 0.

Suppose   byte a=18   so binary value of a will be

00---à0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0  (4 in decimal)

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

System.out.println(18&25);

System.out.println(18|25);

System.out.println(18^25);

System.out.println(~18);

System.out.println(18<<2);

System.out.println(18>>2);

System.out.println(18>>>2);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

16

27

11

-19

72

4

4

Ternary or conditional operator:-conditional or ternary operator is used to take decision if condition is true or false.

Example1:- TestOperator.java

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

int a=100,b=20,c;

c=(a>b)?a:b;

System.out.println("greater no"+c);

}

}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

greater no100

instanceof:- instanceof operator is used for finding relationship between object and class or for finding particular object of particular class.

Example:-TestOperator.java

class A

{

}

class B

{

}

class TestOperator

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

A a=new A();

B b=new B();

if(a instanceof A)

{

System.out.println("Object of class A ");

}

if(b instanceof B)

{

System.out.println("Object of class B ");

}}}

Output:-

C:\JAVATECH>javac TestOperator.java

C:\JAVATECH>java TestOperator

Object of class A

Object of class B